Enzymes Biological catalysts that accelerate biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy, without being consumed in the process.
Cellular Respiration The metabolic process by which cells harvest energy from glucose as ATP through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Citric Acid Cycle The central metabolic cycle that oxidizes acetyl-CoA into carbon dioxide, harvesting electrons and energy for aerobic organisms.
Photosynthesis The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.