cryptography

5 articles · All tags

• The Voynich Manuscript
  An early-15th-century illustrated codex written in an unknown script that no one has convincingly deciphered — what it contains, what has been ruled out, and why it resists.
• Bitcoin and Proof of Work
  How Bitcoin achieves consensus without a central authority: hash chains, mining difficulty, and the energy cost that secures double-spend resistance.
• Hash Functions
  Deterministic functions that map arbitrary data to fixed-size digests, used for integrity checking, password storage, and digital signatures.
• Euler's Totient Function
  The function φ(n) counting the integers between 1 and n that are coprime to n, a cornerstone of modular arithmetic and the basis of RSA encryption.
• Public-Key Cryptography
  Cryptography with paired public and private keys, enabling encryption and digital signatures without shared secrets.