Sign Languages Sign languages are complete natural languages with their own grammars — how they arise, how they differ from spoken languages, and why they matter to linguistics.
Morphology (Linguistics) The study of word structure: how morphemes combine to form words through inflection, derivation, and compounding.
Lexical Semantics The study of word meaning: sense and reference, sense relations, semantic fields, and prototype structure.
Phrase Structure Grammar A formal way to describe sentences as nested constituents — the rewrite rules and tree structures behind generative grammar.
The International Phonetic Alphabet A notation system that gives every speech sound one unambiguous symbol, used by dictionaries, language learners, and speech scientists.