linguistics

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• Sign Languages
  Sign languages are complete natural languages with their own grammars — how they arise, how they differ from spoken languages, and why they matter to linguistics.
• Morphology (Linguistics)
  The study of word structure: how morphemes combine to form words through inflection, derivation, and compounding.
• Lexical Semantics
  The study of word meaning: sense and reference, sense relations, semantic fields, and prototype structure.
• Phrase Structure Grammar
  A formal way to describe sentences as nested constituents — the rewrite rules and tree structures behind generative grammar.
• The International Phonetic Alphabet
  A notation system that gives every speech sound one unambiguous symbol, used by dictionaries, language learners, and speech scientists.