mathematics

8 articles · All tags

• Game Theory
  The mathematics of strategic interaction — players, payoffs, and equilibrium — from von Neumann's minimax theorem to Nash equilibria and evolutionary stability.
• Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
  The theorem connecting differentiation and integration: the derivative of an integral recovers the integrand, and definite integrals equal differences of antiderivatives.
• Vectors and Matrices
  The basic objects of linear algebra: directed quantities with magnitude and direction, and rectangular arrays of numbers with defined arithmetic.
• Non-Euclidean Geometry
  Consistent geometries that reject or modify Euclid's parallel postulate: hyperbolic and elliptic geometry.
• Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
  The theorem that every integer greater than 1 factors uniquely into primes, up to the order of the factors.
• Central Limit Theorem
  The theorem that averages of many independent random variables become approximately normally distributed, regardless of the original distribution.
• Standard Deviation
  A measure of how spread out a set of values is around its mean, expressed in the same units as the data.
• Pythagorean Theorem
  The central relation of Euclidean geometry: in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides.