statistics

8 articles · All tags

• What Is Linear Regression? How Least Squares Works
  Linear regression fits a straight line through data to predict one quantity from another, and least squares picks the line with the smallest squared errors.
• The Normal Distribution: The Bell Curve Explained
  The normal distribution, or bell curve, is symmetric around its mean. Learn the 68-95-99.7 rule, z-scores, why it appears so often, and where it fails.
• Markov Chains
  Markov chains explained: memoryless processes, transition matrices, stationary distributions, and uses from PageRank to weather models and text generation.
• Hypothesis Testing
  The statistical framework for deciding whether data support a claim, using null hypotheses, p-values, and error probabilities.
• Correlation and Causation
  The statistical relationship between variables versus the proof that one causes the other, and why correlation alone cannot establish causation.
• Central Limit Theorem
  The theorem that averages of many independent random variables become approximately normally distributed, regardless of the original distribution.
• Standard Deviation
  A measure of how spread out a set of values is around its mean, expressed in the same units as the data.
• Bayes' Theorem
  The rule for updating the probability of a hypothesis when new evidence arrives, relating prior and conditional probabilities.